Game on! How AI is transforming video games forever
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is developing at high speed, transforming many aspects of modern life. In DeepLearning.AI’s AI For Good Specialization, meanwhile, you’ll build skills combining human and machine intelligence for positive real-world impact using AI in a beginner-friendly, three-course program. Machines with self-awareness are the theoretically most advanced type of AI and would possess an understanding of the world, others, and itself. The increasing accessibility of generative AI tools has made it an in-demand skill for many tech roles. If you’re interested in learning to work with AI for your career, you might consider a free, beginner-friendly online program like Google’s Introduction to Generative AI.
This means we might miss out on some of the carefully crafted worlds and levels we’ve come to expect, in favor of something that might be easier but more…robotic. So what are some of the advantages and disadvantages of AI’s evolving status, and the new technologies that are coming out? Here are just a few of the pros and cons worth thinking about as we enter a new era in gaming. AI might create the entire, realistic landscapes from scratch, calculating the walls it can and can’t walk through instantaneously.
How AI is Enhancing Realism in Games
For those who play games to have a relaxing time, or play games for world-building, AI games have something for you too. AI technology has the ability what does ai mean in games to expound on your game’s other-worldly characteristics. In Legend of Zelda, AI keeps science and magic working in harmony to propel your story.
In this game, you draw what’s according to a prompt, and wait for the machine to guess what you are drawing. It is one of the strongest AI machines you can battle, and not a lot have won against the machine. It is used in ball strategies, especially where balls land at the beginning of the game. This is not specific to AI games, but it does know how to use AI to its advantage. Its sandbox capabilities, with no specific goals, make it a favorite of many gamers. It can be a relaxing game, or a stressful one, depending on how you want to build your Minecraft world.
We are already seeing AI-generated movies (well, short clips) courtesy of Sora and AI knocking up basic 2D platformer worlds based on a simple prompt. What’s being talked about here though, is GPUs leveraging AI so they are not just rendering a game world, but actually generating it – on-the-fly – as per Huang’s original quote from last year. Since generative AI makes it much easier to create game elements, we may see a monumental rise in AI-generated shovelware games. In addition, games that use live-generated AI content will need to disclose what guardrails will be in place to make sure that the AI is not generating illegal content.
- Similarly, Intuit offers generative AI features within its TurboTax e-filing product that provide users with personalized advice based on data such as the user’s tax profile and the tax code for their location.
- But that impacts on other markets too, because we audit and do taxes across lots of different sectors.
- They’re having fun and don’t plan on releasing it commercially, given the legal uncertainties around the data provenance of the tools they use.
- AI algorithms optimize graphics processing units, enabling developers to create stunning visual effects and realistic game experiences.
Game AI decision-making involves determining the actions or behaviors of NPCs or opponents based on their current state and the game’s rules. These rules are typically created by game developers and can be simple or complex. Each state represents a specific behavior or action, and the transitions represent the conditions that trigger a state change. For example, an NPC can have states such as «idle,» «patrol,» and «attack,» with transitions based on the player’s proximity or actions.Behavior trees provide a hierarchical structure for modeling complex behaviors for NPCs or opponents. They consist of nodes that represent actions, conditions, and composite behaviors. The AI system evaluates these nodes to determine the next action or behavior for the character.
Personalized Game Assets
Innovative AI algorithms and techniques are transforming the gaming landscape, promising a future of immersive, engaging experiences. Generative AI, for instance, is revolutionizing game content generation, enabling developers to quickly create vast game worlds, characters, and narratives. AI algorithms, coupled with machine learning, deep learning, and procedural generation, are driving advancements in game design, storytelling, and dynamic gameplay. The future of gaming lies in the continued development and integration of these AI algorithms, unlocking endless possibilities for immersive, personalized experiences for players. Neural networks are a type of machine learning model inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.
Before Bender became one of the chief antagonists of AI’s boosters, she made her mark on the AI world as a coauthor on two influential papers. Not only was it provocative to claim that GPT-4’s behavior showed signs of AGI, but Microsoft, which uses GPT-4 in its own products, has a clear interest in promoting the capabilities of the technology. “This document is marketing fluff masquerading as research,” one tech COO posted on LinkedIn. As AI hype has ballooned, a vocal anti-hype lobby has risen in opposition, ready to smack down its ambitious, often wild claims. Pulling in this direction are a raft of researchers, including Hanna and Bender, and also outspoken industry critics like influential computer scientist and former Googler Timnit Gebru and NYU cognitive scientist Gary Marcus. The technology is behind the voice-controlled virtual assistants Siri and Alexa, and helps Facebook and X – formerly known as Twitter- decide which social media posts to show users.
«Advancements in AI will create more personalised experiences and meaningful stories for consumers,» Qizilbash said. Microsoft recently revealed how it uses AI to identify harmful words, images and voice chat reports, to ensure game communities are kept safe. Ricochet, the anti-cheat system used by Activision in Call of Duty, uses machine learning to combat cheaters as part of a multi-faceted approach. Counter-Strike 2 has a similar system, employing AI to scan gameplay for irregular activity that may suggest aim-assists, vision assistance, or griefing. In recent years, AI has played an increasingly important role in game development, from improving game mechanics to enhancing game narratives and creating more immersive gaming experiences. Machine learning algorithms can also identify bugs and glitches in the game.
Thompson is an academic and consultant for the games industry in artificial intelligence technologies, who also runs a YouTube channel on the topic. And to start with, before discussing the future, Thompson gives his view on what exactly we mean by AI, and why some forms of it have garnered such a negative reputation. This technology can potentially create entirely new game experiences, such as games that respond to players’ emotions or games that are accessible to players with disabilities. Another method for generating game environments is through the use of procedural generation.
The key thing about the examples in the Sparks paper, including the unicorn, is that Bubeck and his colleagues believe they are genuine examples of creative reasoning. This means the team had to be certain that examples of these tasks, or ones very like them, were not included anywhere in the vast data sets that OpenAI amassed to train its model. Otherwise, the results could be interpreted instead as instances where GPT-4 reproduced patterns it had already seen. Machines that possess a “theory of mind” represent an early form of artificial general intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence in Gaming (and 11 AI Games to Know)
McCarthy developed Lisp, a language originally designed for AI programming that is still used today. In the mid-1960s, MIT professor Joseph Weizenbaum developed Eliza, an early NLP program that laid the foundation for today’s chatbots. Princeton mathematician John Von Neumann conceived the architecture for the stored-program computer — the idea that a computer’s program and the data it processes can be kept in the computer’s memory. Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts proposed a mathematical model of artificial neurons, laying the foundation for neural networks and other future AI developments. Crafting laws to regulate AI will not be easy, partly because AI comprises a variety of technologies used for different purposes, and partly because regulations can stifle AI progress and development, sparking industry backlash.
The networks were trained using millions of Go positions played by human experts, resulting in a highly skilled AI opponent. Decision trees are supervised machine learning algorithms that translate data into variables that can be assessed. These variables provide a set of rules for NPCs to follow, guiding their decisions based on specific factors.
Artificial intelligence, commonly known as AI, is a game-changer that can revolutionize how businesses function, healthcare is delivered, education is imparted, and entertainment is experienced. Its versatility knows no bounds and has made significant strides in various industries. Darren is a freelancer writing news and features for TechRadar (and occasionally T3) across a broad range of computing topics including CPUs, GPUs, various other hardware, VPNs, antivirus and more. He has written about tech for the best part of three decades, and writes books in his spare time (his debut novel – ‘I Know What You Did Last Supper’ – was published by Hachette UK in 2013). Or at least for us, these kinds of moves would be the first – and more realistically achievable – steps. With the computational power supplied via the cloud rather than your local GPU, of course (we’re likely to see a shift to the cloud anyway, certainly when chunky ultrafast broadband connections become more widespread).
Gaming’s biggest companies are still hesitant to commit to including AI in their plans. Nvidia and Ubisoft showed off their dynamically responding nonplayer characters at GDC 2024, but they haven’t announced grand plans to integrate them into upcoming games. Microsoft announced last November that it’s partnering with Inworld AI to develop AI game dialogue and narrative tools.
«For people who’ve been in the space for a long time, it was not a shocking result, but these tools can’t step in and replace people in the creative process,» Peacock said. And while he’s sympathetic to concerns, he feels they’re obscuring a larger potential for AI tools to assist workers, not replace them. «What I think is often missed is that these technologies are going to allow us to do so much more.» Peacock was impressed by generative AI’s potential to help gamers create things within games, whether costumes for their player characters or custom maps to play in.
Another way that AI is transforming game characters is through the use of natural language processing (NLP) and speech recognition. These technologies allow game characters to understand and respond to player voice commands. For example, in Mass Effect 3, players can use voice commands to direct their team members during combat. As AI games mature alongside other technologies, artificial intelligence is set to play a key role in shaping the gaming industry for years to come.
Run-of-the river hydropower has much lower environmental impact than reservoir hydropower as it requires no reservoirs. Run of the river diverts some water from a watershed to power a turbine downstream while the rest of the water flows down the mountain. A journalist, soccer fanatic and Shrewsbury Town fan, Will’s love for the game has withstood countless playoff final losses. After graduating from the University of Liverpool he wrote for a number of British publications before joining AS USA in 2020. His work focuses on the Premier League, LaLiga, MLS, Liga MX and the global game.
Generative AI can be used as a shortcut, then, but the results are often lacklustre. This is why, Thompson says, a lot of language models are «kind of milquetoast, the handwriting is very generic and often lacks flavour», because «it’s averaged out the experience of all human writers on Earth.» Tomilayo Ijarotimi Tomilayo is a freelance writer who has created web content, ebooks, newsletters, video scripts, and more, for various brands and agencies, including IT consulting brands, MSPs, etc. When not writing, Tomilayo enjoys spending leisure time with educative books, expanding her knowledge and fueling her creativity. Other use cases of AI in game engines include optimizing game performance and balancing game difficulty making the game more engaging and challenging for players.
To feed AI’s hunger for electricity, some tech companies are signing their own deals to ensure they have access to big, reliable sources of energy. Gary Ackerman, a utilities and energy consultant with more than four decades of experience in power issues, sees trouble ahead. “The short answer is that load growth — from EVs, data centers, AI, etc. — is accounted for and projected through the CEC’s demand forecast process,” the commission said in an email to the Union-Tribune. By themselves, the roughly 2,700 data centers operated largely by tech firms such as Google, Microsoft, Meta and Apple consumed a little more than 4 percent all electricity in the U.S. in 2022.
Popular AI Games
AI is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP). The integration of AI technology has greatly impacted GPUs and, subsequently, visual effects and game design. AI algorithms optimize graphics processing units, enabling developers to create stunning visual effects and realistic game experiences. With AI, game worlds can become more dynamic, immersive, and visually appealing, resulting in a more engaging gaming experience for players. The use of AI algorithms in graphics processing units has transformed game design, pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved visually in games. The integration of cutting-edge AI technologies, such as machine learning and deep learning, further enhanced gameplay experiences.
With the integration of AI, games have become more immersive, engaging, and tailored to individual player preferences. From dynamic narratives to adaptive difficulty levels, AI has brought endless possibilities and personalization to the gaming industry. It’s worth, then, considering the role AI could play in overall game design rather than just in changing game content – to work for game designers and impact their work rather than to directly impact players.
An upgrade from previous versions of AI companions, Elizabeth interacts with her surroundings, making comments about what she notices and going off on her own to explore. The NPC also responds to the needs of the human-controlled protagonist, providing supplies, weapons and other necessities. As a result, Elizabeth becomes an endearing character and enables human users to develop a closer relationship with the game. Finally, there’s a chance that as AI is able to handle more of the game programming on its own, it may affect the jobs of many game creators working in the industry right now.
Non-monotonic logics, including logic programming with negation as failure, are designed to handle default reasoning.[28] Other specialized versions of logic have been developed to describe many complex domains. Creators of Social Games in which a group of players form a micro-community where members play together as a tribe to accomplish goals. If we want AI to exist and operate in the world — whether in the form of cars or robots — then virtual environments present a safer, less wasteful means for researchers to test these systems. The researchers also pitted SIMA against an AI agent trained without language inputs.
Games get better each year, and that is the result of their game development backbones getting stronger. As AI technology advances, we can expect game development to become even more intelligent, intuitive, and personalized to each player’s preferences and abilities. However, this technology is still in its infancy, and whether AI-generated games can replicate the creativity and originality of human-designed games remains to be seen.
Your opponents tell you what they are about to do and what they plan on doing. First Encounter Assault Recon (or F.E.A.R.) is often on the list of AI games you should play. For example, when under attack, non-playable characters can call you for help or ambush your blind spots. It will feel like a real battle, with even your teammates running out of ammo. Characters will somehow think for themselves, and your companion is not an exception.
Enhanced natural language processing will make your gaming more and more real. Neural networks are algorithms that can be trained with a specific data set, and they can readjust to different data sets. This ability to adapt is what enables these deep learning algorithms to learn on the fly, continuously improving their results and catering to many scenarios.
Game developers are exploring innovative business strategies, such as microtransactions, subscription-based models, and in-game advertising, enabled by AI algorithms. This shift in revenue models allows developers to monetize their games effectively while providing players with personalized, engaging experiences. By leveraging AI, game developers can tailor pricing, content, and monetization strategies to meet individual player preferences and maximize revenue potential. The integration of AI in gaming has led to several breakthroughs that have significantly enhanced player engagement.
Later games have used bottom-up AI methods, such as the emergent behaviour and evaluation of player actions in games like Creatures or Black & White. Façade (interactive story) was released in 2005 and used interactive multiple way dialogs and AI as the main aspect of game. In general, game AI does not, as might be thought and sometimes is depicted to be the case, mean a realization of an artificial person corresponding to an NPC in the manner of the Turing test or an artificial general intelligence. Frankly, it is likely that the demand for electricity for AI data centers over the next five years will be met by new combined cycle natural gas facilities.
Then, from an offensive quantum standpoint, we have been doing some joint studies across the industry, but have not put those into practice as yet. For example, we have worked to prove quantum optimization for a very large bank, and have worked to prove https://chat.openai.com/ fraud detection, leveraging both AI and quantum technologies. And in industries such as defense, agriculture, and energy grids, one of the biggest costs is in the landscaping, keeping power lines clear and having full access to their facilities.
Esports favorite, StarCraft II, introduces you to the sci-fi roster of AI games. StarCraft’s success has spawned a large following built across two decades. AI games like these make sure that players’ worlds remain intact yet exclusive.
Emma Boyle is TechRadar’s ex-Gaming Editor, and is now a content developer and freelance journalist. She has written for magazines and websites including T3, Stuff and The Independent. We just need to look at Alpha Go to know that Deep Learning AI can beat us at our own games. «That’s so funny, because we started at the exact same time [as other devs]. Everyone just sees the writing on the wall of like, ‘Hey, this thing’s gonna be really big,'» Byslma said. One attendee at the generative AI talks, Bryan Bylsma, of his indie studio Startale Games, has been using generative AI to make games.
They found that the public version of GPT-4 could produce a passable unicorn but not flip or rotate that image by 90 degrees. It may seem like a small difference, but such things really matter when you’re claiming that the ability to draw a unicorn is a sign of AGI. AI has acolytes, with a faith-like belief in the technology’s current power and inevitable future improvement.
It allows them to learn and improve their behavior through trial and error.Reinforcement learning involves an agent, an environment, and a reward system. The agent takes actions in the environment, and the environment provides feedback or rewards based on the agent’s actions. The agent’s goal is to maximize its cumulative reward over time by learning which actions lead to positive outcomes.There are different algorithms used in reinforcement learning, including Q-learning, policy gradients, and deep Q-networks (DQNs). Q-learning is a model-free algorithm that learns the optimal action-value function, which represents the expected cumulative reward for taking a specific action in a specific state.
In addition to AI’s fundamental role in operating autonomous vehicles, AI technologies are used in automotive transportation to manage traffic, reduce congestion and enhance road safety. In air travel, AI can predict flight delays by analyzing data points such as weather and air traffic conditions. In overseas shipping, AI can enhance safety and efficiency by optimizing routes and automatically monitoring vessel conditions.
With more complex machine learning systems evolving, we think things could greatly change for games over the next few years as developers embrace them. One of the most significant advances in AI-driven game character development is using machine learning algorithms to train characters to learn from player behavior. Game design involves creating the rules, mechanics, and systems defining the gameplay experience. AI can play a crucial role in game design by providing designers with tools to create personalized and dynamic experiences for players.
A year later, in 1957, Newell and Simon created the General Problem Solver algorithm that, despite failing to solve more complex problems, laid the foundations for developing more sophisticated cognitive architectures. The concept of inanimate objects endowed with intelligence has been around since ancient times. The Greek god Hephaestus was depicted in myths as forging robot-like servants out of gold, while engineers in ancient Egypt built statues of gods that could move, animated by hidden mechanisms operated by priests. In addition to improving efficiency and productivity, this integration of AI frees up human legal professionals to spend more time with clients and focus on more creative, strategic work that AI is less well suited to handle.
This acknowledges the risks that advanced AIs could be misused – for example to spread misinformation – but says they can also be a force for good. The most recent people to add their names to these calls include Billie Eilish and Nicki Minaj, who are among 200 artists calling for the «predatory» use of AI in the music industry to be stopped. There seem to be new announcements almost every day, with big players such as Meta, Google and ChatGPT-maker OpenAI competing to get an edge with customers. To complicate matters, researchers and philosophers also can’t quite agree whether we’re beginning to achieve AGI, if it’s still far off, or just totally impossible. For example, while a recent paper from Microsoft Research and OpenAI argues that Chat GPT-4 is an early form of AGI, many other researchers are skeptical of these claims and argue that they were just made for publicity [2, 3].
AI is entrenching inequality, upending the job market, and wrecking education. AI will increase abundance and empower humanity to maximally flourish in the universe. The technology has been used to filter out background voices in audio evidence in a US murder case.
In some problems, the agent’s preferences may be uncertain, especially if there are other agents or humans involved. Looking ahead, the potential for AI to provide an even more personalized gaming experience is exciting. Imagine games that adapt to your individual preferences, creating unique challenges and storylines tailored just for you. The future of AI in personalized gaming holds exciting possibilities, focusing on immersive storytelling, individual player engagement, and adaptive experiences. But SIMA wasn’t created simply to help sleepy players grind out levels or farm up resources.
The integration of AI technology in gaming enables a more immersive and personalized experience for players. By utilizing dynamic narratives and procedural generation, AI enhances storytelling and delivers individualized gameplay. Players can expect to be fully immersed in unique gaming worlds tailored to their preferences. However, it could also be because in recent years artificial intelligence is becoming rapidly more, well, artificially intelligent.
It might be impressive work but the crux of generative AI – as already discussed – is it doesn’t actually understand or think for itself. «What so many of these companies do is they reach out and they go and make the thing because it looks shiny, it looks exciting, you can get lots of funding, but you didn’t solve the crux of the issue,» Thompson says. That’s why each new tool is often met with scepticism, he believes, despite perhaps being initially impressive.
How AI in Gaming is Redefining the Future of the Industry – Appinventiv
How AI in Gaming is Redefining the Future of the Industry.
Posted: Fri, 30 Aug 2024 07:00:00 GMT [source]
One of the more positive and efficient features found in modern-day video game AI is the ability to hunt. If the player were in a specific area then the AI would react in either a complete offensive manner or be entirely defensive. With this feature, the player can actually consider how to approach or avoid an enemy. Leading AI model developers also offer cutting-edge AI models on top of these cloud services.
The resulting generated art satisfied and impressed Keywords, but generative AI was far less successful at fixing bugs, frequently worsening issues. Though it could produce static images, it was bad at creating layouts for user interfaces with menus and icons. With Project AVA in the rearview, Stephen Peacock, head of gaming AI at Keywords Studios, acknowledged that generative AI helped in ideation, coding and helping programmers adapt to using a new game engine. Rather than try out video created by generative AI, developers at Keywords used static 2D images for the visual look. They used Midjourney-like image generation tools and refined their prompts to get the Impressionist-flavored style they were looking for.
MIT Technology Review
The use of AI algorithms in gaming raises concerns over cheating and game fairness. As AI technology becomes more advanced, there is a potential for AI-powered bots or algorithms to be used in unfair gaming practices, giving players an unfair advantage or manipulating game outcomes. This ethical consideration highlights the need for game developers and industry stakeholders Chat GPT to implement measures to prevent cheating and ensure fair gaming experiences for all players. AI has revolutionized visual effects in games, resulting in more realistic and immersive gaming experiences. The integration of artificial intelligence allows for dynamic and adaptive visual effects, replicating real-life scenarios and enhancing the overall gaming experience.
It involves designing, building, and programming robots to perform complex, dangerous, or impossible tasks for humans. To teach SIMA how to move around these worlds, the researchers trained the AI to comprehend language-based instructions, starting with simple gameplay videos. One player would provide instructions, and the other player would follow them accordingly. You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. In other videos, players played the game freely, and the researchers later annotated the videos with written instructions describing the on-screen action. In both cases, the goal was to capture how language tied to the behaviors and actions in the game. Mason acknowledges the ethically fraught questions around the provenance of training data and explains that Hidden Door’s models are trained on data the company creates or synthesizes itself.
While initially focused on creating game-playing programs that could defeat human experts in strategy games, AI has since been applied to a wide range of areas in game development. The gaming industry has undergone a massive transformation in recent years thanks to the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The AI is expected to grow as the other industries have grown over the time.
Responsible innovation demands a careful navigation of ethical and regulatory frontiers to ensure player data privacy, fair gaming practices, and balanced game design. By prioritizing ethical considerations, game developers can responsibly integrate AI technology, fostering player trust, and maintaining player engagement. Striking the right balance between AI innovation, ethical considerations, and regulatory compliance is crucial for the future of gaming industry growth and development.
- Chipmakers are also working with major cloud providers to make this capability more accessible as AI as a service (AIaaS) through IaaS, SaaS and PaaS models.
- The “laws of robotics” outlined in Isaac Asimov’s science fiction, forbidding machines from harming humans, are inverted by movies like The Terminator, which is an iconic reference point for popular fears about real-world technology.
- Artificial intelligence is also used to develop game landscapes, reshaping the terrain in response to a human player’s decisions and actions.
- AI games are examples of avenues for human creativity and the human spirit.
- The increasing accessibility of generative AI tools has made it an in-demand skill for many tech roles.
This laid the foundation of what came to be known as rule-based or symbolic AI (sometimes referred to now as GOFAI, “good old-fashioned AI”). But coming up with hard-coded rules that captured the processes of problem-solving for actual, nontrivial problems proved too hard. Artificial general intelligence (AGI) refers to a theoretical state in which computer systems will be able to achieve or exceed human intelligence. In other words, AGI is “true” artificial intelligence as depicted in countless science fiction novels, television shows, movies, and comics. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems capable of performing complex tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or solving problems.
With that said, don’t expect SIMA to be helping you beat a particularly tricky game anytime soon. In No Man’s Sky, despite strict judging criteria, human players achieved a success rate of 60%. “This research marks the first time an agent has demonstrated it can understand a broad range of gaming worlds, and follow natural-language instructions to carry out tasks within them, as a human might,” the researchers note. Should an AI go haywire or make it impossible for a player to win, the fun and empowerment that comes from gaming could be lost. In the crowds of people who attended these generative AI talks, I saw a glint of eagerness to use the new technology. Walking out of the Keywords Studios talk, Bryan Bylsma felt encouraged by the studio’s Project AVA proof of concept.
By breaking language barriers and enabling smoother communication, AI enhances player experiences and encourages collaboration within gaming communities. It’s interesting, then, that the gaming industry has been relatively quiet when it comes to AI developments, because its potential in this field is just as great. Machine learning, context-sensitive behaviour, neural networks, natural language parsing – all of these techniques have been pushing games forward for years now. Black and White may have been released in 2001, but it’s still one of the best examples of machine learning in a game.
This technique allows for endless exploration possibilities, ensuring a fresh experience with every playthrough. In this era of gaming, AI enhances your game’s graphics and solves game conundrums with (and for) you. For example, Sophia the Robot, while entertaining, is for educational purposes too.
When OpenAI announced GPT-4, it published an impressive-looking scorecard that detailed the model’s performance on multiple high school and professional exams. The other path favored neural networks, computer programs that would try to learn those rules by themselves in the form of statistical patterns. The Dartmouth proposal mentions it almost as an aside (referring variously to “neuron nets” and “nerve nets”). Though the idea seemed less promising at first, some researchers nevertheless continued to work on versions of neural networks alongside symbolic AI. But it would take decades—plus vast amounts of computing power and much of the data on the internet—before they really took off.